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HEUFT-DORENBOSCH, L. L. J.; H. C. W. DEVET UND S. VANDERLINDEN 2000 ; : Yttrium radiosynoviorthesis in the treatment of knee arthritis: a systematic review. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 59, 583-586.
Traditional Birth Attendants TBAs ; Again, although the Mother-Baby Package does not include the services provided by TBAs, they are recognized as partners in Ghana's Safe Motherhood programme. Trained TBAs mostly conduct home deliveries and limited ANC in the district.
Barry Labinger Appointed to Senior Vice President & General Manager, Scott Burton Joins Immunex as New Vice President of Sales for ENBREL etanercept ; * SEATTLE - Immunex Corporation [Nasdaq: IMNX] today announced that the company will expand its commercial operations with a new general manager overseeing the sales, marketing and development of franchises for both ENBREL etanercept ; and Specialty Therapeutics. Barry Labinger, vice president of marketing for ENBREL, has been promoted to senior vice president and general manager at the company. Since joining Immunex in June 2000, Labinger has led initiatives to build the franchise for ENBREL through the company's supply management program and other programs that have established the product's leadership position. "Barry's core strength is pharmaceutical marketing that has helped establish strong brands, " said Peggy Phillips, executive vice president and chief operating officer at Immunex. "His strong leadership skills and extensive experience will serve Immunex well as we position the company toward the goal of achieving multi-billion dollar revenue growth over the coming years." To take advantage of growing demand for ENBREL and potential new uses for the product, the company announced that it will build its first Immunex sales force to sell ENBREL. This U.S. sales force will work with Wyeth-Ayerst, which has been selling ENBREL since its launch in 1998. To lead the Immunex sales team, the company named Scott Burton as the new vice president of sales for ENBREL. Burton, who will join Immunex in mid-September, will be responsible for hiring and managing the new sales team. "Scott is an exceptional individual who brings an impressive track record of commercial success, " said Phillips. "We are excited to expand the presence of ENBREL in the marketplace with a sales team that will focus on key prescribers and potential new uses for the product." Labinger has more than 14 years of healthcare industry experience, primarily in marketing and sales. Prior to joining Immunex, he oversaw the marketing for the U.S. diabetes franchise at Bristol-Myers Squibb, including GLUCOPHAGE. He also previously worked at Abbott Laboratories and Baxter Healthcare Corporation. Labinger earned a Bachelor's degree with a major in Economics from Northwestern University and has a Masters of Management degree from the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University. Burton has more than 14 years of experience in field sales and product management, including work in the managed care, cardiovascular and anti-infective markets. Most recently, he was business director of regional operations at Bristol-Myers Squibb where he oversaw a sales team of more than 130 people. He has also worked at Pfizer Laboratories. Burton earned a B.S. in Marketing from Utah State University. Immunex Corporation is a leading biopharmaceutical company dedicated to improving lives through immune system science innovations. NOTE: Except for the historical information contained herein, this news release contains forward-looking.
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The Patents and Designs Journal PDJ No. 6144 ; this week published the filing of one SPC and reported on three SPCs that have recently been declared invalid. SPCs originally granted to Chiron covering Genentech's Herceptin trastuzumab ; and to Novartis Vaccines covering Roche's Fuzeon enfuviritide ; were "declared invalid" in this week's PDJ. This follows on from last week's Current Patents Gazette CPG issue 0707 ; , which detailed the revocation of three patents assigned to Chiron and parent Novartis in response to proceedings brought against Chiron by Roche, in which Novartis has a 33% holding. At the same hearing, SPCs, based on EP153114 and EP181150, were announced as revoked. Also published in this week's PDJ was the declaration of invalidity of Sankyo's SPC for its veterinary combination antimicrobial product, Zimecterin Gold ivermectin and praziquantel ; , which was based on GB2093695. This declaration has come just a matter of days following the expiration of supplementary protection, which was due to end on the February 17, 2007, had the SPC been declared valid. The PDJ first reported on the December 2004 High Court ruling in December 2005, by which time the product had already been exclusively licensed to Virbac back in December 2003 and although Sankyo refused to defend the SPC it still maintained that the SPC was valid. Following on from a previous report in Current Patents Gazette, issue 0707, the PDJ has now published the lodge of an SPC for Pfizer's veterinary drug maropitant. The neurokinin 1 antagonist, marketed as Cerenia is structurally related to Pfizer's ezlopitant, which was being developed for use in humans; however, by April 2003 it appeared to have become a research tool. In the US, Genentech announced on February 21 that the US Patent and Trademark Office USPTO ; had issued a final Office action in its re-examination of US6331415, the "New Cabilly" or "Cabilly II" patent. As a result, the USPTO rejected the patentability of the claims in the patent and so declared it invalid. Genentech is considering an appeal. This was the result of a third party represented by a Chicago lawyer ; requesting in May 2005 that the USPTO re-examine the Cabilly patent. The USPTO issued an initial action rejecting the claims for `double-patenting' on September 13, 2005, which Genentech claimed at the time was a `routine and expected step'. US6331415 has been the subject of much litigation recently. MedImmune, which has a license for the original Cabilly patent US4816567, which expired March 2006 ; for its Synagis palivizumab ; product, challenged the validity of `415 in the US District Court of Los Angeles and the necessity of continuing to pay royalties based on it. The District and Appeals courts found against MedImmune, ruling that as a licensee it could not challenge the patent. However as reported earlier this year in CPG 0702, the US Supreme Court overturned this ruling in a groundbreaking decision in January 2007, allowing MedImmune to continue the challenge without first breaking its license. MedImmune has stated that they it continue with the litigation, pending the results of any appeal by Genentech against the USPTO decision. The patent covers Genentech's Herceptin trastuzumab ; product, whilst products made under license and covered by this patent are reported to include Centocor's Remicade infliximab ; , MedImmune's Synagis, Enbrel Wyeth and Amgen's etanercept product ; , Abbott's Humira adalimumab ; and ImClone's Erbitux cetuximab ; . Royalty payments received by Genentech based on the Cabilly patents were reported to be 5 million in 2006, and were expected to rise to 0 million in 2007. Arrow International and Chongqing Shenghuaxi Pharmaceutical lodged a UK initial application for "crystalline duloxetine hydrochloride". This is not the first time that these two applicants have appeared as coassignees on a patent application, having previously published an application relating to a process for famciclovir, see WO2006123175; this collaboration was first reported by Current Patents Gazette in July 2005, when the initial application for this product was first filed. This is also not the first application from Arrow and Chongqing on crystalline duloxetine hydrochloride; the collaborators filed a cluster of applications in late June 2006 on the dual serotonin and norepinephrine noradrenaline ; reuptake inhibitor that was first launched by Lilly, Shionogi and Boehringer Ingelheim. Arrow, which registered with the Malta Financial Services Authority on November 09, 2006, appears to be focused on drug delivery and in February it had entered into collaboration with King Pharma to commercialize novel formulations of ALTACE R ; ramipril ; . Chongqing Shenghuaxi Pharma, on the other hand is an API manufacturer with several commercially available products, as reported in Newport Horizon Global, including famciclovir.
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Roach ES, DiMario FJ, Kandt RS, Northrup H. Tuberous Sclerosis Consensus Conference: recommendations for diagnostic evaluation. National Tuberous Sclerosis Association. J Child Neurol 1999; 14: 401-7. Clayton EW, Steinberg KK, Khoury MJ, Thomson E, Andrews L, Kahn MJ et al. Informed consent for genetic research on stored tissue samples. JAMA 1995; 274: 1786-92. Gaucher disease. Current issues in diagnosis and treatment. NIH Technology Assessment Panel on Gaucher Disease. JAMA 1996; 275: 548-53 and enfuvirtide.
Body Composition Assessment. Whole body, trunk and limb fat mass FM ; and fat-free mass FFM ; were quantified using a Hologic Discovery v12.4 ; enhanced-array dual energy x-ray absorptiometer Waltham, MA ; . Fat distribution was described as a ratio: trunk fat mass limb fat mass. Thigh subcutaneous fat and abdominal subcutaneous SAT ; and visceral VAT fat areas were quantified using proton magnetic resonance imaging Siemens, Iselin, NJ ; . For the thigh, eight serial axial images were obtained in a region 10-25 cm above the.
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Tibotec have contacted doctors in the UK to notify them of results from a drug interaction study in HIV-negative volunteers that supports use of both etravirine TMC-125 ; and raltegravir MK-0518 ; in the same combination. Previously, etravirine was the only antiretroviral excluded from the raltegravir expanded access programme. Preliminary raltegravir pharmacokinetic data showed a modest effect of etravirine on raltegravir pharmacokinetics. They report a mean decrease of approximately -10%, -11% and -34% in the AUC, Cmax and C12 hr respectively. The letter from Tibotec states that the overall decrease in raltegravir 200 mg to 600 mg in treatment-experienced patients. Preliminary etravirine pharmacokinetic data showed essentially no meaningful effect of raltegravir on etravirine pharmacokinetics approximately 4 to 17% mean increase in etravirine pharmacokinetic parameter values ; . It also states that Tibotec and Merck have jointly reviewed the available pharmacokinetic data on TMC125 and raltegravir and concluded that co-administration of etravirine and raltegravir may be allowed for patients in the etravirine Named Patient Supply. This assessment is based upon data collected from a drug-drug interaction pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers to evaluate the potential interaction of the two compounds. Merck commented that the phase II dose ranging studies for raltegravir provide a wide margin for efficacy with potent efficacy observed with doses as low as 100 mg bid in naive pts and 200 mg bid in experienced patients. The modest decrease of raltegravir level in the presence of etravirine is not expected to affect the efficacy, so no dose adjustment is needed for raltegravir. This study will be presented at the IAS conference in Sidney in July and enoxaparin.
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This study demonstrated the proinflammatory cytokines TNF- and IL-6 to induce the soluble TF isoform in HUVECs. AsHTF was released from endothelial cells into the supernatant, increasing its procoagulability in the presence of phospholipids. The soluble TF isoform contributed initially more to the procoagulability of extracellular fluids than TF-bearing MPs. Known to strongly induce full-length TF in endothelial cells, 21 TNF- was also revealed to be a potent inducer of asHTF expression. asHTF expression was found to be increased 45-fold as early as 10 minutes after TNF- treatment, subsequently followed by an early release of asHTF into extracellular space. In contrast to asHTF, full-length TF expression reached its maximal level 1 hour after stimulation with TNF- . TNF- was recently shown to induce the activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase MAPK ; pathway as early as 5 minutes after stimulation in endothelial cells.22 The p38 MAPK pathway was reported to influence pre-mRNA splicing on activation.23 p38-induced relocalization of a splicing factor, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 hnRNP A1 ; , from the nucleus into the cytoplasm increases the nuclear ratio of SF2 ASF, a general splicing factor, relative to hnRNP A1.23, 24 Modifications of this ratio, a major determinant of splice site selection, 24 are.
Androgen deficiency 29 32 ; . This skeptical prediction is supported by independent evaluation 33 ; . The present study also provides some additional insight into the possible significance of androgen deficiency as a component of the effects of chronic illness and male aging 34, 35 ; . Although lowering of testosterone is a frequent nonspecific consequence of chronic disease and aging, it remains unproven and contentious whether such mild reductions in testosterone have any therapeutic or clinical significance 27, 28 ; . Our findings suggest that, if androgen deficiency symptoms do contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic disease and or aging, they may occur in only some men with only modest reductions of testosterone, assuming the effects of chronic disease or illness do not also correspondingly lower the symptomatic threshold for androgens. The concept of a threshold for androgen deficiency symptoms still lacks much empirical support. A variety of studies have suggested the threshold for androgen effects on male sexual function, primarily libido, are evident at very low blood testosterone concentrations 36 40 ; . These studies were, however, not able to define explicitly such a threshold. Conversely, muscle appears to exhibit linear dose-response relationship to testosterone from below to above the eugonadal reference range for blood testosterone concentrations 41 ; . Whether linear dose-response or threshold models apply to other androgensensitive tissues, such as bone and prostate, psychosexual and the cardiovascular effects remain to be determined. The blood testosterone concentrations on the day of reimplantation differed between type of hypogonadism but not between different underlying diseases or according to specific symptoms or their severity. In particular, men with gonadotrophin deficiency had lower blood testosterone concentrations than men with primary or mixed hypogonadism. As the number of days, because the last implantation did not differ, this is unlikely to be simply explained by men with secondary hypogonadism better tolerating lower blood testosterone concentrations. Rather, the gonadotrophin-deficient men must absorb subdermal testosterone less completely or metabolize circulating testosterone faster. Because blood SHBG concentrations did not differ, whereas SHBG concentration is the major known determinant of wholebody testosterone clearance rate 42 ; , lower absorption of subdermal testosterone seems more likely. Similar findings of differences between primary and secondary hypogonadism in psychosexual responses to testosterone replacement have been reported previously 43 ; . Whether habitually lower testosterone concentrations have wider implications for men with secondary hypogonadism is not clear, but it is notable that men with pituitary insufficiency are reported to be more likely to suffer long-term deficits in bone 44 ; . The present study therefore identifies blood testosterone thresholds for androgen deficiency symptoms that are highly consistent within a person but differ between people and between men with primary and secondary hypogonadism but not according to specific symptoms or their severity. These findings may assist further studies in creating improved disease-specific quality of life measures and analysis of whether androgen deficiency contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic nongonadal disease and male aging and entacapone.
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Additional Study Material on Diabetes Mellitus The following question discussion sets on diabetes mellitus have been added to this issue of The Core Content Review of Family Medicine to help participants prepare for the self-assessment module SAM ; that is part of the maintenance of certification MOC ; of the American Board of Family Practice ABFP ; . Some of these questions discussions are from past issues of Core Content Review and have been updated. Others are new and will be appearing in future issues. While this material is available to you as a supplement to the clinical set problems already presented, it does not provide any additional continuing medical education CME ; credit. Each question is followed immediately by the answer and discussion. The following topics are presented in the supplemental material. Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance Preventing the Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Diet and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Oral Agents for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Metformin and L-Lactic Acidosis Thiazolidinediones and Heart Failure Hemoglobin A1c Insulin Glargine Lantus ; Insulin Pumps Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Coma Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension Diabetes Mellitus and Dyslipidemia Diabetes Mellitus and Depression Diabetic Neuropathy Preventing Diabetic Nephropathy Gastroparesis Necrotizing Otitis Externa Screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Diabetic Ketoacidosis The material in this supplement was authored by the following members of the national faculty of The Core Content Review of Family Medicine. Adrienne Z. Ables, PharmD Suzanne Allen, M.D. Kenneth Bertka, M.D. Stephen Colameco, M.D. 2003-2004 CLINICAL SET PROBLEMS.
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Igh luminal pressure and angiotensin II Ang II ; are both involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension. Hypertension is characterized by increased vascular resistance associated with changes in arterial wall structure and function in resistance arteries.1, 2 Ang II receptors are coupled to a wide variety of signal transduction elements, including protein kinase C, c-Src tyrosine kinase, protein tyrosine phosphorylation, and extracellular signal related kinase ERK ; 1 2.3 6 These pathways certainly play an important role in the regulation of vascular tone.7 We and others have previously shown that mechanical strain in the vessel wall induced by pressure activates ERK1 2 in vascular smooth muscle cells VSMCs ; both in vivo and in vitro. 3, 8 10 However, scare information is available on the cellular signaling pathways mediating Ang IIinduced contraction and on its possible interaction with pressure in the activation of ERK1 2, especially in intact resistance arteries.
3. Da spurte Pilatus ham: Er du jdenes konge? Han svarte ham: Du sier det. 4. Da sa Pilatus til yppersteprestene og folket: Jeg finner ingen skyld hos denne mann. 5. Men de tok sterkere i og sa: Han opvigler folket, han lrer over hele Jdeland, fra Galilea av, hvor han begynte, og like hit. 6. Da Pilatus hrte det, spurte han om mannen var fra Galilea, 7. og da han fikk vite at han hrte under Herodes, sendte han ham til Herodes, som ogs var i Jerusalem i de dager. 8. Og da Herodes s Jesus, blev han meget glad; for han hadde i lang tid nsket f se ham, fordi han hadde hrt om ham, og han hpet f se et tegn av ham. 9. Han spurte ham da med mange ord; men Jesus svarte ham intet. 10. Og yppersteprestene og de skriftlrde stod og klaget hrdt p ham. 11. Men Herodes med sine krigsfolk hnte og spottet ham; derefter kastet han et skinnende kldebon om ham og sendte ham sledes tilbake til Pilatus. 12. Den dag blev Pilatus og Herodes venner; fr hadde de ligget i fiendskap med hverandre. 13. Da kalte Pilatus yppersteprestene og rdsherrene og folket sammen 14. og sa til dem: forfrer folket til eders ine, men jeg det I klager p ham I har frt denne mann frem for mig som en som frafall; og se, jeg har tatt ham i forhr for har ikke funnet denne mann skyldig i noget av for and entex.
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On September 15th, San Jose CyberRays' General Manager Marlene Bjornstrud tearfully told the South Bay public that the Woman's United Soccer Association WUSA ; would cease operations. Her local announceMarlene Bjornstrud ment came after WUSA founder and chairman John Hendricks made a similar announcement to a national audience earlier in the day. In his announcement, Hendricks pointed to a million revenue shortfall for 2004 for which there was no source of funding. "We looked at the ways you could possibly bridge million in an annual deficit, but mathematically you simply can't get there by ticket sales in any reasonable timeframe, " Hendricks said in a media conference call. "You can't get there by merchandise sales either. The missing ingredient we had was corporate sponsorship." Bjornstrud says that she does not see this as the end of the WUSA. "I, for one, choosing to see this decision as a detour rather than a dead end. It cannot mean the end of professional women's soccer in this country and cannot impact how professional women's sports are viewed. Many women are born to play their sport just like many men are. The absence of opportunity to play that sport as a professional is just not acceptable in the day and age in which we live." Now as part of a "Save the WUSA" committee, Bjornstrud plans to continue and work to find the revenue needed to keep the eight league teams, including the CyberRays, playing in 2004. The committee is headed by tennis great Billy Jean King. According to Bjornstrud, "the committee has had one meeting by conference call and is now divided into some very active subcommittees to consider plans to allow the WUSA to have a `presence' in 2004 and re-launch fully in 2005." 17 and epirubicin.
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